The main units in the healthcare system are:

1. Providers (doctors, nurses, etc.) who actually deliver care to patients
2. Payors (employers, insurers, Medicare/Medicaid, patients in the form of co-pays, etc.) who pay providers for care
3. Patients who receive care from providers and pay either the payor (insurer via employer, provider directly, or via taxes like Medicare/Medicaid)

Khan Academy Overview of the Healthcare System

The examination concluded that
 
> The United States spent approximately twice as much as other high-income countries on medical care, yet utilization rates in the United States were largely similar to those in other nations. Prices of labor and goods, including pharmaceuticals, and administrative costs appeared to be the major drivers of the difference in overall cost between the United States and other high-income countries. As patients, physicians, policy makers, and legislators actively debate the future of the US health system, data such as these are needed to inform policy decisions.
 
The primary issue, it seems, is that the USA spends an inordinate amount (17.8% of GDP) on healthcare expenditures and sees outcomes no different (and often worse) than countries who spend a lot less on healthcare (for reference the second highest spender- Switzerland, spends 12.4% of their GDP on healthcare).

Comparison of Health Insurance in the USA versus other countries

When looking at healthcare systems, it is useful to have a framework through which effectiveness can be measured. This landmark paper, published in 2008 introduced the concept of the 'Triple Aim'. It has since been widely adopted as a principal measuring stick for the improvement of healthcare systems in America and around the world. 

>  Improving the U.S. health care system requires simultaneous pursuit of three aims: improving the experience of care, improving the health of populations, and reducing per capita costs of health care. Preconditions for this include the enrollment of an identi- fied population, a commitment to universality for its members, and the existence of an or- ganization (an “integrator”) that accepts responsibility for all three aims for that population. The integrator’s role includes at least five components: partnership with individuals and families, redesign of primary care, population health management, financial management, and macro system integration.

The Triple Aim— Berwick

An overview of the U.S. Healthcare system basics and its problems.

The U.S. Healthcare System— The Basics

Mar 16, 2021 • 3 blocks

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